A couple of questions:
What is a Lagerausweis? Looks like an identity tag.
At the Leverkusen facility... how did the Polish and Ukrainian forced labourers get along? Did they live in the same barracks or were they segregated?
This particular Lagerausweis is a small "token" sized card with the holes punched in it to hold the ID card within most likely a postwar personal documents file held by some authority or another.
Poles and Ukrainian workers normally lived in segregated barracks or housing -Polenlager or Ostarbeitslager/ Ost Russenlager.
Eastern workers were also separated from workers from the West who were not subject to the same camp restrictions and social prohibitions as those from the East; they had greater freedom of movement, better food rations and living accommodation, received higher wages and were employed in less arduous work placements or in more supervisory roles than those from the East.
Last edited by StefanM; 09-10-2013 at 07:11 AM.
I collect, therefore I am.
Nothing in science can explain how consciousness arose from matter.
An interesting dataset showing the deployment of the foreign (Ausländer) workforce in the German economy as the war progressed and German manpower was increasingly diverted into military service.
Table 1: Civilian labour force in thousands
Table 2: Distribution of foreign workers in industries as % of total number of foreigners employed
Date: German Males German Females Foreigners % Total 31.5.1939 24.488 14.625 301 0,8 39.405 31.5.1940 20.449 14.386 1.154 3,2 35.983 31.5.1941 18.99 14.167 3.033 8,4 36.177 31.5.1942 16.864 14.437 4.224 11,7 35.526 31.5.1943 15.462 14.806 6.26 17,1 36.529 31.5.1944 14.175 14.808 7.126 19,7 36.11 30.9.1944 13.535 14.897 7.487 20,8 35.919
1940 1942 1944 Landwirtschaft (Agriculture) 51 45 34 Industrie (Industry) 29 36 45 Handwerk (Crafts) 9 7 7 Transport 4 5 6 Verteilung (Distribution) 2 3 3 Verwaltung (Management) 2 2 3 Privat. Haushalte (Private Households) 2 2 1 Gesamt (Overall Total) 100 100 100
Table 3: Distribution of foreign workers in sectors as % of total employment
1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 Landwirtschaft (Agriculture) 1 6 13 18 20 22 Industrie (Industry) 1 3 9 14 26 29 Handwerk (Crafts) 1 3 8 9 13 16 Transport 1 2 4 8 13 17 Verteilung (Distribution) - - 2 3 5 7 Verwaltung (Management) - 1 3 3 5 6 Privat. Haushalte (Private Households) - 1 2 5 5 5 Other 1 3 9 12 17 20
I collect, therefore I am.
Nothing in science can explain how consciousness arose from matter.
Very nice ID I have very similar from Philips - werke in Warschau . This is for sell ?
And token
An Arbeitskarte for a Polish worker at BMW Eisenach Werk Dürrerhof that is over stamped with the <P> badge for Polish forced workers. Most are just stamped with the letter "P" if marked at all.
BMW Flugmotorenfabrik Eisenach GmbH (the Dürrer works were located between Eisenach and Stockhausen) produced aircraft engines.
Below: the reverse of her identity card is marked "Lager Stockhausen"
In 1942 the BMW Dürrerhof factory employed seven Czechs, two Dutch, one French, 336 Polish, 187 Ukrainians and 26 Belgian foreign workers and 62 French prisoners of war. The longer the war lasted, the more that number increased so by 1944 the BMW plant employed a total of 2386 foreigners, including 842 workers from the East.
The BMW aircraft engine plant, employed numerous prisoners of Buchenwald concentration camp in a facility with the code name "Emma". In February 1944, some 3974 foreign forced labourers were working there. It is estimated that in the Dürrerhof and Abteroda camps there worked a total of 1300 concentration camp - in fact engine production was only possible with the extensive use of foreign workers, prisoners of war and concentration camp inmates.
According to witness reports there was a public execution of three concentration camp prisoners after their failed escape in 1944. In January 1944, the Special Court sentenced French foreign worker Moreau Renault to death on a charge of having stolen food from basements. On 11 March 1944 a 19-year-old Polish civilian worker was hanged in the riding hall,at 29' Muhlhauser Road 29, simply because he had stolen tobacco remains in the Bruns cigar factory, other forced labourers had to walk past the hanged man as a deterrent.
While the employment of concentration camp prisoners was apparently limited to the aero-engine plant, other forced labourers were employed in almost all major companies in the city, most of whom were Eastern workers. The following employment figures for the city of Eisenach for mid-1944 are: 2154 Ukrainians, Belarusians 390 and 1314 Russians but there were also Polish and Czech workers engaged on a large scale. The foreign workers lived in separate camps.
The majority of Eastern foreign workers were subject to a strict regime and the living conditions were particularly bad compared to workers from the west European countries . Those who fell seriously ill, were brought to a quarantine camp near Wutha. Little is known about the camp, many of those who were sent there after suffering the harshest exploitation, died. The memorial below is dedicated to these 429 persons (405 Russians, 22 Poles a French man and a Yugoslav) buried at the Wutha site. Among the dead, there were 225 women compared with 199 men and five unknowns, but also nine children, some only a little older than a year, were among the victims.
Below: Memorial stone at the entrance to the former Dürrerhof camp.
Last edited by StefanM; 09-22-2013 at 04:17 PM.
I collect, therefore I am.
Nothing in science can explain how consciousness arose from matter.
A small addition:
Ausweis for a Pole working at Ingenieurbüro Niedersachsen AG an German engineering company in Helmstedt, Lower Saxony.
The document includes an over-stamp for: Gemeinschaftslager I. B. (Ingenieurbüro) Niedersachsen AG, Helmstedt and is marked "Pole" on the reverse.
Not much information online about Ingenieurbüro Niedersachsen AG so would be interested to learn more about the company if anyone can help?
I collect, therefore I am.
Nothing in science can explain how consciousness arose from matter.
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